One of the biggest advantages that a retail investor has over funds is that they can be in cash.

Most funds, due to their mandates, must deploy most of their cash and thus are virtually fully invested at all times.

As an individual investor, you don’t have that restriction.

In my fourth article in the My Secret Recipe series entitled My Secret Recipe: The Bargain Rack I detail how I like to buy stocks with a margin of safety. Also, I like to take the approach that Warren Buffett stated when he said:

“I don’t look to jump over 7-foot bars: I look around for 1-foot bars that I can step over.”

I like to buy when I have great conviction and not when I have low conviction in an idea. Because I am very patient in this regard, I find myself sitting in cash often while I wait for my pitch.

The following graph shows my cash percentage over time superimposed over the Russell 2000.

My cash position has varied widely from roughly 10% to 80%. The correlation between market performance and cash levels is quite strong.

That is, when the market is moving up, my cash levels tend to go up as I sell stock, and when the market is going down, I tend to buy stock as bargains present themselves.

I do like to keep some level of cash at all times as I prefer not to need to sell stock to pay bills.

The correlation with the market is best illustrated by talking about some examples.

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My cash level started steadily rising starting in fall of 2006 and hit a peak in August of 2008. It was at a level it had never seen before.

I deployed cash during the coming months after August 2008 as the market plunged. I was early in deploying cash but the point wasn’t to time the market. The point was I saw attractive opportunities and purchased those attractive opportunities.

As we all know, the market bottomed in March of 2009. As the recovery progressed, I saw my cash level steadily increase into 2010. Cash hit another peak right around spring of 2010 which is right around the time the Russell 2000 hit it’s first major peak post crisis.

I then saw my cash levels start to decrease.

Cash is a Position if Used Strategically

Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK.A,BRK.B), run by Warren Buffett, is also known for using their cash position judiciously. Below is a graph that shows the cash level held by Berkshire Hathaway.

Note that it bottomed in June of 2009 just after the market bottomed and has been growing ever since. Warren Buffett uses cash very strategically. Since he is going after larger companies and has to do it in big chunks, he is hunting for whales as compared to my guppies.

So, the way he deploys cash is different than me but the point is the same. That is, cash is a position that can be used strategically when the time is right.

He doesn’t wake up in the morning and think, I have cash that I must deploy today.

Over the past few years my cash has been at more elevated levels.

There just haven’t been that many opportunities in the microcap space as the microcap space got overheated. In fact, the Russell 2000 had an astounding 38.6% return in 2013 and is now lower than its level at the end of 2013. Additionally, the Russell MicroCap Index was up 45.2% in 2013.

Cash Magnified My Returns

Given the lack of opportunities, I sat patiently and waited. However, since early 2015 I’ve started to see my cash level decrease. Assuming the trend continues, and I think it will, I’ll soon be at cash levels that haven’t been this low since 2009.

I’m simply seeing a lot of opportunities right now and I haven’t seen much in a long time. Of course, all of my due diligence on these companies can be found in the company discussions on MicroCapClub.

My cash position over the past decade has helped me to magnify my returns. My strict discipline helps me to improve the odds of making money and not losing money.

Now I may not make the most money during periods of blow-off tops in the market but I also lose a lot less in market contractions.

Using cash has helped me to obtain market beating returns of around 23% annually over the long haul (Jan 1, 2000 to March 10, 2016). That return includes cash which means that my return on invested capital has been considerably higher.

Now I’ve heard people say that there is no excuse for cash. You can always short stocks. MicroCaps are very difficult to short for technical reasons (e.g. difficulty of borrowing) and also are very dangerous to short because it is quite possible to have a bullish PR come out of left field that results in a huge upside move in the stock.

Am I Timing the Market?

There have been a few times where I used shorting on larger companies but they have been few and far between. I find it difficult to be both an expert in microcaps and watch larger companies at the same time.

Some people will look at this article and say that I’m market timing. While that may be true indirectly, it isn’t something that I am doing directly.

I don’t wake up in the morning and say, I think the market is going to be down over the next six months so I’ll sell stocks. I simply buy companies when their valuation and future prospects look attractive and sell them when the valuation looks rich relative to their future prospects.

This approach helps me to buy when the market is pessimistic and sell when the market is overly optimistic.

While my cash position does have a strong correlation to market performance, I don’t proclaim that my cash level is perfect or that people should even try to correlate their cash level to market performance.

I simply try to buy companies when they are priced attractively and sell them when the risk of owning them outweighs the potential return.

The number and quality of attractive opportunities that I see may not always correlate to the market. One reasons for this is that there are companies that outperform in times of market contraction.

Also, there are companies that have minimal economic sensitivity. I do find that the number of attractive opportunities does seem to correlate quite well (inversely) with general market performance.

The hardest part of having cash is being patient. I derive my income from the stock market and it is hard to make money when I am lightly invested.

I have to force myself to sit on my hands. On the other hand, buying when everyone is pessimistic is also difficult. I remember posting online in late 2008 that I was buying and feeling like I was talking to myself.

Being contrarian isn’t easy emotionally.

Many individual investors use cash in exactly the wrong way. They try to market time and capitulate.

This post originally appeared in ValueWalk.

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